On March 12, 1993, Mumbai was struck by a coordinated series of thirteen bomb blasts that killed 257 people and injured more than 1,400. Planned by organized criminal networks with international links, the attacks exposed major gaps in India’s urban security framework and reshaped the country’s approach to counterterrorism and internal security.

The sinking of Iran's IRIS Dena near Sri Lanka during the U.S.-Iran conflict has sparked debate over India's responsibility after the vessel participated in the MILAN naval exercise. This analysis examines maritime jurisdiction, international precedent, and operational timelines to explain why Indian officials argue the incident falls outside India's responsibility.

Even as political ties between India and Bangladesh cooled, naval cooperation quietly endured. Through training programs, joint exercises, and coordinated patrols, maritime engagement continued despite diplomatic strain. This article examines how naval diplomacy has become a stabilizing anchor in an otherwise uncertain bilateral relationship.