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The India–Pakistan rivalry has transitioned into a hybrid engagement model where traditional espionage is superseded by multi-domain operations. This shift targets critical infrastructure and societal cohesion, utilizing "grey zone" tactics to bypass conventional nuclear deterrence. By analyzing the convergence of cyber-sabotage, weaponized disinformation, and proxy attribution, this piece evaluates the risk of strategic miscalculation and proposes a framework for regional st

Gwadar is promoted as a gateway for growth, but its corporate structures and free-zone incentives can obscure who truly controls companies operating there. While Pakistan has strengthened beneficial-ownership rules, gaps remain, especially involving sensitive chemical imports. Increasing transparency, not slowing trade, is key to keeping Gwadar both open and secure.