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China’s coercion in the Himalayas has followed a consistent playbook from 1962 to Galwan 2020. While the PLA relies on deception and ambiguity, India’s professional restraint and strategic deterrence have reshaped the regional balance, offering lessons for global security and Europe’s understanding of authoritarian strategies.

The 1962 Sino-Indian War redefined Asia’s security landscape, exposing China’s expansionist ambitions and creating a lasting fault line across the Himalayas. Six decades later, the legacy of betrayal, mistrust, and strategic rivalry continues to shape India’s defense posture and the broader Indo-Pacific balance of power.