OPINION | Safeguarding Orbit: Integrated End-to-End Services, Dual-Use Satellites, and Intellectual Property Protection

By Pietro Guerrieri

The rapidly expanding space economy, particularly with the proliferation of dual-use satellites, presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant security challenges. Dual-use satellites, capable of serving both civilian and defense functions, are at the forefront of this evolution, making the protection of these valuable assets and their associated intellectual property (IP) an increasingly critical concern. In this complex landscape, providers of integrated end-to-end launch services, bolstered by highly structured security protocols, are proving essential in mitigating these risks.

The inherent dual-use nature of many modern satellites, from advanced communication networks supporting both commercial broadband and secure defense communications, to Earth observation systems aiding disaster relief and intelligence gathering, means their integrity and operational security are paramount. Any compromise, whether through cyberattack, physical tampering, or unauthorized access to sensitive data, could have severe consequences for national security, economic stability, and international relations.

Addressing these multifaceted security demands requires a comprehensive suite of services that spans the entire lifecycle of a satellite’s journey to orbit and beyond. An “end-to-end” approach is key to establishing a robust security posture, as it minimizes points of vulnerability that can arise from fragmented service providers.

Integrated Security from Ground to Orbit

A commitment to security for space assets typically begins long before a satellite leaves the launchpad. Services in this domain usually encompass:

• Secure Storage and Handling: Satellites, particularly those with dual-use applications, are highly sensitive assets. Facilities designed to provide secure storage and meticulous handling throughout the pre-launch phase are crucial. This often includes controlled access, surveillance, and environmental monitoring to prevent unauthorized access or damage.

  
  

• Payload Processing and Integration with Protocols: The integration of a client’s satellite onto the launch vehicle is a critical juncture. Rigorous protocols for payload processing and integration are employed to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced during this crucial stage. This can involve strict chain-of-custody procedures, verified personnel clearances, and the implementation of cybersecurity measures to protect software and hardware during transfer and integration.

• Secure Logistics and Transportation: The physical movement of satellites and associated equipment – whether from manufacturing facility to the launch site, or between different stages of preparation – is a potential vector for compromise. Secure shipment and customs clearance are managed by experienced providers, leveraging established networks and vetted logistics partners to ensure the safe and protected transport of sensitive materials.

  
  

• Mission Management with Security Oversight: Throughout a launch campaign, comprehensive mission management is essential. This includes not only technical coordination but also continuous security oversight. This means monitoring for potential threats, responding to anomalies, and ensuring that all operational communications and data transfers are encrypted and protected.

  
  

• Partnerships and Vetting: Collaboration with various launch providers and industry partners is predicated on a shared commitment to security. An integrator’s role often includes ensuring that the entire launch ecosystem adheres to stringent security standards, from the rocket itself to ground support systems.

Protecting Intellectual Property and Sensitive Data

For dual-use satellites, the IP embedded within their design, software, and operational procedures is immensely valuable and inherently vulnerable. Security protocols in this area extend beyond physical protection to safeguarding these intangible assets. This includes:

• Controlled Access to Data and Facilities: Restricting access to sensitive design specifications, operational software, and mission data to only authorized personnel is a foundational security measure.

  
  

• Cybersecurity Measures: While specific implementations are often proprietary, robust cybersecurity frameworks are critical to protect digital assets. This includes encryption for data in transit and at rest, secure networks, and intrusion detection systems. Such measures are particularly crucial for dual-use applications where data integrity and confidentiality are paramount.

  
  

• Compliance with Regulations: Operating in the dual-use space demands strict adherence to international regulations such as ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) and EAR (Export Administration Regulations). Expertise in navigating these complex regulatory landscapes ensures that all processes are compliant, further mitigating risks associated with unauthorized technology transfer or misuse.

Contributing to a More Secure Space Environment

By offering integrated, end-to-end launch services with embedded security protocols, companies like Impulso.Space significantly contribute to the overall security of satellites and related IP. For dual-use applications, where the line between civilian and defense capabilities can blur, this meticulous approach is not just beneficial, but essential. It helps build trust among stakeholders, reduces the risk of exploitation by malicious actors, and ultimately fosters a more stable and secure space environment for all. As the orbital domain becomes increasingly congested and critical to global infrastructure, upholding the highest standards of security will only grow in importance. For the entire space community, this necessitates a collective and proactive commitment to developing, sharing, and consistently implementing robust security frameworks to ensure the long-term resilience and integrity of our space assets.

Author

Pietro Guerrieri is the CEO and founder of Impulso.Space, established in 2019 after a decades-long career in satellite operations and leadership roles at Eutelsat, SES Astra, and D-Orbit. Over 35 years, he directly managed the operations of more than 30 satellites. In addition to his technical expertise, his background includes sales, business development, corporate strategy, and foresight. At Impulso.Space, he applies this combined experience to the practical challenges of satellite launch preparation and logistics. Since its founding, the company has supported 15 missions and successfully launched 37 satellites.