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Pakistan's Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC) was created to accelerate foreign investment and bypass bureaucratic delays. Yet its rise has also entrenched military influence in economic governance, weakened democratic oversight, and created a parallel decision-making structure. This article examines how the SIFC is reshaping Pakistan's political economy and the long-term implications for transparency, accountability, and investor confidence.

On March 12, 1993, Mumbai was struck by a coordinated series of thirteen bomb blasts that killed 257 people and injured more than 1,400. Planned by organized criminal networks with international links, the attacks exposed major gaps in India’s urban security framework and reshaped the country’s approach to counterterrorism and internal security.